1、MyCAT基礎架構(gòu)準備
MyCAT基礎架構(gòu)圖
摘自oldguo
1.1 MyCAT基礎架構(gòu)準備
1.1.1 環(huán)境準備：
兩臺虛擬機 db01（10.0.0.51） db02（10.0.0.52） 每臺創(chuàng)建四個MySQL實例：3307 3308 3309 3310 1.1.2 刪除歷史環(huán)境：
pkill mysqld rm -rf /data/330* mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
1.1.3 創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄初始化數(shù)據(jù)
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/Application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
1.1.4 準備配置文件和啟動腳本
========db01============== cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=7 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=8 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=9 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=10 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF ========db02=============== cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=17 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=18 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=19 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=20 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF
1.1.5 修改權(quán)限，啟動多實例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/* systemctl start mysqld3307 systemctl start mysqld3308 systemctl start mysqld3309 systemctl start mysqld3310 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
1.1.6 節(jié)點主從規(guī)劃 箭頭指向誰是主庫
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308 10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
1.1.7 分片規(guī)劃
shard1： Master：10.0.0.51:3307 slave1：10.0.0.51:3309 Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307 slave2：10.0.0.52:3309 shard2： Master：10.0.0.52:3308 slave1：10.0.0.52:3310 Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308 slave2：10.0.0.51:3310
1.1.8 開始配置
shard1 10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 db02 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;" db01 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSword='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" db02 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 db01 mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307 db02 mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" shard2 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308 db01 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;" db02 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" db01 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308 db02 mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG" 10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308 db01 mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"
1.1.9 檢測主從狀態(tài)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Running: mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Running: mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Running: mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave statusG"|grep Running:
1.1.10 如果中間出現(xiàn)錯誤，在每個節(jié)點進行執(zhí)行以下命令(2.9 狀態(tài)正確,忽略此步驟)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
1.2 Mycat的安裝
MySQL分布式架構(gòu)介紹：
1.2.1 安裝JAVA環(huán)境
yum install -y java
1.2.2 上傳到/application 并解壓
略官網(wǎng)：http://www.mycat.io/
1.2.3 配置文件介紹
conf: schema.xml 主配置文件（讀寫分離、高可用、分布式策略定制、節(jié)點控制） server.xml mycat軟件本身相關(guān)的配置 rule.xml 分片規(guī)則配置文件,記錄分片規(guī)則列表、使用方法等 xxxx.txt 分片參數(shù)功能有關(guān) logs目錄: wrapper.log ---->mycat啟動日志 mycat.log ---->mycat詳細工作日志
1.2.4 啟動mycat
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH [root@db02 ~]# source /etc/profile [root@db02 ~]# mycat start [root@db02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 1.3 測試數(shù)據(jù)準備
## db01: mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'; source /root/world.sql mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'; source /root/world.sql
1.4 核心配置文件使用介紹(schema.xml)
（1）邏輯庫定義 <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> </schema> （2）數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點定義 <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" /> （3）數(shù)據(jù)主機定義 <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost>
1.5 Mycat實現(xiàn)讀寫分離功能
（1）配置conf文件--schema.xml
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# cat schema.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" /> <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
（2）Mycat重啟生效:
mycat restart
（3）模擬測試
[root@db02 /application/mycat/conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 mysql> select @@server_id; ----模擬查詢 mysql> begin; select @@server_id;commit; ---模擬寫入
1.6 讀寫分離+高可用功能
[root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw [root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" /> <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema> 真正的 writehost：負責寫操作的writehost standby writeHost ：和readhost一樣，只提供讀服務 當寫節(jié)點宕機后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服務，這時候standby的writehost就提供寫服務， 后面跟的readhost提供讀服務 。 測試： mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 show variables like 'server_id'; 讀寫分離測試 mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066 show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; begin; show variables like 'server_id'; 對db01 3307節(jié)點進行關(guān)閉和啟動,測試讀寫操作
1.7 配置中的屬性介紹
1.7.1 balance屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有3種： (1) balance="0", 不開啟讀寫分離機制，所有讀操作都發(fā)送到當前可用的writeHost上。 (2) balance="1"，全部的readHost與standby writeHost參與select語句的負載均衡，簡單的說， 當雙主雙從模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1與 M2互為主備)，正常情況下，M2,S1,S2都參與select語句的負載均衡。 (3) balance="2"，所有讀操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost上分發(fā)。 1.7.2 writeType屬性
負載均衡類型，目前的取值有2種： （1）writeType="0", 所有寫操作發(fā)送到配置的第一個writeHost， 第一個掛了切到還生存的第二個writeHost，重新啟動后已切換后的為主，切換記錄在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . （2）writeType=“1”，所有寫操作都隨機的發(fā)送到配置的writeHost，但不推薦使用
1.7.3 switchType屬性
-1 表示不自動切換 1 默認值，自動切換 2 基于MySQL主從同步的狀態(tài)決定是否切換 ，心跳語句為 show slave status 1.7.4 datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> maxCon="1000"：最大的并發(fā)連接數(shù) minCon="10" ：mycat在啟動之后，會在后端節(jié)點上自動開啟的連接線程 tempReadHostAvailable="1" 這個一主一從時（1個writehost，1個readhost時），可以開啟這個參數(shù)，如果2個writehost，2個readhost時 <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 監(jiān)測心跳 1.8 垂直分表
1.8.1 修改schema.xml配置文件
mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha vim schema.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> <table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/> <table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /> <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" /> <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
1.8.2 創(chuàng)建測試庫和表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))"; mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
1.8.3 重啟MyCat
mycat restart
1.8.4 進入MyCat測試，添加數(shù)據(jù)測試
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.51 -P 8066 --這里的ip地址是MyCat安裝的那個虛擬機，就是哪個虛擬機的ip地址 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;show tables;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;show tables;" 1.9 MyCAT核心特性——分片（水平拆分）
分片：對一個"bigtable"，比如說t3表 (1)行數(shù)非常多，800w (2)訪問非常頻繁 分片的目的： （1）將大數(shù)據(jù)量進行分布存儲 （2）提供均衡的訪問路由 分片策略： 范圍 range 800w 1-400w 400w01-800w 取模 mod 取余數(shù) 枚舉 哈希 hash 時間 流水 優(yōu)化關(guān)聯(lián)查詢 全局表 ER分片 1.9.1 范圍分片
（1）范圍分片參數(shù)配置
比如說t3表 (1)行數(shù)非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2） (2)訪問非常頻繁，用戶訪問較離散 cp schema.xml schema.xml.1 ==========vim schema.xml <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /> <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" /> ===========vim rule.xml <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm> </rule> <function name="rang-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"> <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property> </function> ===========vim autopartition-long.txt 0-10=0 11-20=1
（2）創(chuàng)建測試表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
（3）重啟mycat------>mycat restart
（4）登錄mycat插入數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d'); insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa'); insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb'); insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc'); insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
（5）分別登入后端節(jié)點測試
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
1.9.2 取模分片（mod-long）
取余分片方式：分片鍵（一個列）與節(jié)點數(shù)量進行取余，得到余數(shù)，將數(shù)據(jù)寫入對應節(jié)點
（1）取模分片參數(shù)配置
=======vim schema.xml <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" /> ========vim rule.xml <tableRule name="mod-long"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> <!-- how many data nodes --> <property name="count">2</property> </function>
（2）創(chuàng)建測試表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
（3）重啟mycat
mycat restart
（4）模擬數(shù)據(jù)測試：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
（5）分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t4;"
1.9.3 枚舉分片
t5 表 id name telnum 1 bj 1212 2 sh 22222 3 bj 3333 4 sh 44444 5 bj 5555 （1）枚舉分片參數(shù)配置
=====vim schema.xml <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" /> =====vim rule.xml <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile"> <rule> <columns>name</columns> <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> <property name="type">1</property> </function> ======partition-hash-int.txt 配置： bj=0 sh=1 DEFAULT_NODE=1 columns 標識將要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函數(shù)， 其中分片函數(shù)配置中，mapFile標識配置文件名稱
（2）準備測試環(huán)境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
（3）重啟mycat
mycat restart （4）模擬數(shù)據(jù)測試
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj'); （5）分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t5;"
1.9.4 Mycat全局表
a b c d join t select t1.name ,t.x from t1 join t select t2.name ,t.x from t2 join t select t3.name ,t.x from t3 join t 使用場景： 如果你的業(yè)務中有些數(shù)據(jù)類似于數(shù)據(jù)字典，比如配置文件的配置， 常用業(yè)務的配置或者數(shù)據(jù)量不大很少變動的表，這些表往往不是特別大， 而且大部分的業(yè)務場景都會用到，那么這種表適合于Mycat全局表，無須對數(shù)據(jù)進行切分， 要在所有的分片上保存一份數(shù)據(jù)即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，業(yè)務表與全局表進行Join聚合會優(yōu)先選擇相同分片內(nèi)的全局表join， 避免跨庫Join，在進行數(shù)據(jù)插入操作時，mycat將把數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)到全局表對應的所有分片執(zhí)行，在進行數(shù)據(jù)讀取時候?qū)S機獲取一個節(jié)點讀取數(shù)據(jù)。 （1）Mycat全局表參數(shù)配置
=====vim schema.xml <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
（2）后端數(shù)據(jù)準備
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
（3）重啟mycat
mycat restart
（4）模擬數(shù)據(jù)測試：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
（5）分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from t_area;" 2.9.5 ER分片
有一類業(yè)務，例如商品（goods）跟商品明細（goods_detail）,明細表會依賴于商品，也就是說會存在表的主 從關(guān)系，這類似業(yè)務的切分可以抽象出合適的切分規(guī)則，比如根據(jù)商品 ID 切分，總之部分業(yè)務總會可以抽象出父子關(guān)系的表。這類表適用于 ER 分片表，子表的記錄與所關(guān)聯(lián)的父表記錄存放在同一個數(shù)據(jù)分片上，避免數(shù)據(jù) Join 跨庫操作。 goods join goods_detail on goods.id=goods_detail.good_id （1）ER分片參數(shù)配置
=====vim schema.xml <table name="goods" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long"> <childTable name="goods_detail" joinKey="goods_id" parentKey="id" /> </table>
（2）后端數(shù)據(jù)表準備
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table goods (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table goods (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table goods_detail (detail_id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null,goods_id int not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table goods_detail (detail_id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null,goods_id int not null);"
（3）重啟mycat
mycat restart
（4）模擬數(shù)據(jù)測試：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066 ===========goods use TESTDB insert into goods(id,name) values(1,'dn'); insert into goods(id,name) values(2,'sj'); insert into goods(id,name) values(3,'yf'); insert into goods(id,name) values(4,'bk'); ===========goods_detail use TESTDB insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(1,'電腦',1); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(2,'500元',1); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(3,'手機',2); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(4,'紅色',2); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(5,'衣服',3); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(6,'s碼',3); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(7,'書籍',4); insert into goods_detail(detail_id,name,goods_id) values(8,'linux方向',4);
（5）分別登錄后端節(jié)點查詢數(shù)據(jù)
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from goods;select * from goods_detail;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from goods;select * from goods_detail;" [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from goods;select * from goods_detail;" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 2 | sj | | 4 | bk | +----+------+ +-----------+-------------+----------+ | detail_id | name | goods_id | +-----------+-------------+----------+ | 3 | 手機 | 2 | | 4 | 紅色 | 2 | | 7 | 書籍 | 4 | | 8 | Linux方向 | 4 | +-----------+-------------+----------+ [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;select * from goods;select * from goods_detail;" +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | dn | | 3 | yf | +----+------+ +-----------+--------+----------+ | detail_id | name | goods_id | +-----------+--------+----------+ | 1 | 電腦 | 1 | | 2 | 500元 | 1 | | 5 | 衣服 | 3 | | 6 | s碼 | 3 | +-----------+--------+----------+ [root@db01 ~]#
原文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/7ec2847583d4
作者：文娟_狼剩
來源：簡書
