生產環境中經常會遇到某個ip地址頻繁異常的訪問Nginx網站，此時我們需要通過安全措施保護我們的服務器，接下來為大家介紹幾種方式。
實驗環境：
版本：redhat6.5
ip:172.16.1.100,172.16.10
軟件：nginx
172.16.1.10部署nginx
[root@localhost tools]# ls
nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool pcre* zlib openssl openssl-devel
[root@localhost tools]# tar xf nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# ls
nginx-1.11.2 nginx-1.11.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost tools]# cd nginx-1.11.2
[root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src
[root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# ./configure
[root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.11.2]# make install
測試nginx服務
[root@localhost ~]# curl -I 172.16.1.100
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.11.2
Date: Mon, 17 Aug 2020 09:36:29 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 15
Last-Modified: Mon, 17 Aug 2020 09:36:19 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5f3a4f93-f"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
nginx 可以正常訪問。
接下來，假設172.16.1.100是黑客主機，頻繁訪問nginx服務
模擬172.16.1.100訪問10次172.16.1.10
172.16.1.100
[root@localhost ~]# ab -c 1 -n 10 http://172.16.1.10/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 172.16.1.10 (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.11.2
Server Hostname: 172.16.1.10
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 612 bytes
Concurrency Level: 1
Time taken for tests: 0.016 seconds
Complete requests: 10
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 8450 bytes
HTML transferred: 6120 bytes
Requests per second: 617.02 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 1.621 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.621 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 509.16 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 1 0.3 0 1
Processing: 1 1 0.3 1 2
Waiting: 0 1 0.3 1 1
Total: 1 1 0.5 1 2
ERROR: The median and mean for the initial connection time are more than twice the standard
deviation apart. These results are NOT reliable.
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 1
66% 1
75% 1
80% 2
90% 2
95% 2
98% 2
99% 2
100% 2 (longest request)
查看nginx日志
172.16.1.10
[root@localhost ~]# tail /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
172.16.1.100 - - [26/Jul/2020:05:58:24 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 612 "-" "ApacheBench/2.3"
由此可見，一秒鐘之內172.16.1.100訪問了nginx10次，接下來禁止掉這個問題ip
通過iptables限制ip訪問
172.16.1.10
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT -s 172.16.1.100 -ptcp --dport 80 -j DROP
172.16.1.100
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.16.1.10
curl: (7) Failed connect to 172.16.1.10:80; 連接超時
此時172.16.1.100再也不能訪問nginx
nginx配置文件限制
172.16.1.10
172.16.1.100
[root@localhost ~]# curl -I 172.16.1.10
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.11.2
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2020 23:12:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
總結
以上就是兩種簡單的方法限制ip訪問，還有許多方法可以利用工具進行ip限制。
