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centos靜默(命令行模式)安裝oracle 11g，剛好公司之前oracle是在window的需要遷移到linux,oracle版本是 : Oracle Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production。

1、壓縮包解壓

unzip oracle-soft.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

2、安裝依賴包

yum install -y gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-develnumactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXtst.so.6
yum install libXp*.x86_64 libXt*.x86_64 libxtst*.x86_64 -y

3、添加用戶和用戶組

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

4、修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)文件 vi /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 8589934592
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

其中kernel.shmmax = 8589934592 為本機(jī)物理內(nèi)存的一半，單位為byte

6. 修改文件/etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

7. 修改文件/etc/pam.d/login，添加

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

8. 修改文件/etc/profile，添加

##ORACLE 
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

9. 創(chuàng)建安裝目錄和設(shè)置目錄權(quán)限

mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0
mkdir /data/oracle/oradata //數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件，生產(chǎn)一般是放在存儲(chǔ)上的
mkdir /data/oracle/inventory
mkdir /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata //數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件，這里存儲(chǔ)是掛在這個(gè)目錄

10. 設(shè)置oracle用戶變量，編輯文件.bash_profile，添加

ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

使用命令，讓其生效

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

11、編輯安裝文件

grep -v '^#' /data/database/response/db_install.rsp | more

[oracle@oracle admin]$ grep -v '^#' /data/database/response/db_install.rsp | more

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
PROXY_REALM=
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

12. 靜默安裝：

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

安裝成功后，切換root用戶執(zhí)行

#sh /data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
#sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

13. 以靜默方式配置監(jiān)聽

su - oracle

export DISPLAY=ip:0.0 //根據(jù)輸入實(shí)際IP

/data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/bin.NETca -silent -responseFile /data/database/response/netca.rsp

運(yùn)行成功后會(huì)生成配置文件

[oracle@oracle admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER =  
(SID_LIST =  
  (SID_DESC =  
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
  (SID_NAME = orcl)
  )
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle

使用命令查看服務(wù)狀態(tài)

lsnrctl status
netstat -natp

14. 以靜默方式建立新庫(kù)，同時(shí)也建立一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例。

[oracle@oracle admin]$ grep -v '^#' /data/database/response/dbca.rsp | more

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "chenzm123"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "chenzm123"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "chenzm123"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "chenzm123"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8"
[createTemplateFromDB]
SOURCEDB = "oracle:1521:orcl"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"
[createCloneTemplate]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"
[DELETEDATABASE]
SOURCEDB = "orcl"
[generateScripts]
TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"
[CONFIGUREDATABASE]
[ADDINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
NODELIST=
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"
[DELETEINSTANCE]
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"
INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"
SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/response/dbca.rsp

15 . 設(shè)置oracle 開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

編輯配置文件/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改為ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart

將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改為ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@oracle dbca]$ cat /data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/bin/dbshut | grep 'ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER='
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@oracle dbca]$ cat /data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/bin/dbstart | grep 'ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER='
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/etc/oratab文件

將

orcl:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0:N中最后的N改為Y，成為orcl:/data/oracle/product/11.2.04.0:Y

dbshut //測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)關(guān)閉
dbstart // 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟動(dòng)

16、設(shè)置啟動(dòng)腳本

 cat /etc/init.d/oracle 
#!/bin/bash

#oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2

#chkconfig: 345 90 10

#description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database ManagementSystem.

#

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0

ORACLE_USER=oracle

case "$1" in

'start')

if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 already running.

else

echo -n $"StartingOracle Database:"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

touch $LOCKFILE

fi

;;

'stop')

if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 already stopping.

else

echo -n $"StoppingOracle Database:"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"

su - $ORACLE_USER -c"$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"

rm -f $LOCKFILE

fi

;;

'restart')

$0 stop

sleep 5

$0 start

;;

'status')

if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

echo $0 started.

else

echo $0 stopped.

fi

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0[start|stop|status]"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

?安裝過程錯(cuò)誤處理

如監(jiān)聽文件沒配置好

安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例的時(shí)候，報(bào)空指針異常

原因是文件，多了其他字符的原因，導(dǎo)致配置文件有問題