Elon Reeve Musk (born June 28, 1971) is a business magnate and investor. He is the founder, CEO, and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; Angel investor, CEO, and product architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. With an estimated.NET worth of around US$262 billion as of September 10, 2022, Musk is the wealthiest person in the world according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes' real-time billionaires list.
埃隆·里夫·馬斯克（生于 1971 年 6 月 28 日）是一位商業巨頭和投資者。他是太空探索技術公司的創始人、首席執行官和總工程師； 特斯拉的天使投資人、首席執行官和產品架構師； 無聊公司創始人；以及 神經科技和腦機接口公司與 人工智能研究實驗室的聯合創始人。截至 2022 年 9 月 10 日，其預計凈資產約為 2620 億美元， 根據彭博億萬富翁指數和福布斯的實時億萬富翁榜單，馬斯克成為世界上最富有的人。
Musk was born in Pretoria, South Africa, where he grew up. He briefly attended the University of Pretoria before moving to Canada at age 17, acquiring citizenship through his Canadian-born mother. Two years later, he matriculated at Queen's University and transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he received bachelor's degrees in Economics and Physics. He moved to California in 1995 to attend Stanford University but decided instead to pursue a business career, co-founding the web software company Zip2 with his brother Kimbal. The startup was acquired by Compaq for $307 million in 1999. The same year, Musk co-founded online bank X.com, which merged with Confinity in 2000 to form PayPal. eBay bought PayPal in 2002, for $1.5 billion.
馬斯克出生于南非比勒陀利亞，在那里長大。在 17 歲移居加拿大之前，他曾短暫就讀于比勒陀利亞大學，并通過其加拿大出生的母親獲得公民身份。兩年后，他考入女王大學后轉入賓夕法尼亞大學，獲得經濟學和物理學學士學位。他于 1995 年移居加利福尼亞，就讀斯坦福大學，而后決定從商，與他的弟弟金巴爾共同創立了網絡軟件公司 Zip2。這家初創公司于 1999 年被康柏公司以 3.07 億美元收購。同年，馬斯克與他人聯合創辦了線上銀行 X.com，該公司于 2000 年與 Confinity 合并為 PayPal。 eBay 于 2002 年以 15 億美元收購了 PayPal。
In 2002, Musk founded SpaceX, an aerospace manufacturer and space transport services company, of which he serves as CEO and Chief Engineer. In 2004, he was an early investor in electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla Motors, Inc. (now Tesla, Inc.). He became its chairman and product architect, eventually assuming the position of CEO in 2008. In 2006, he helped create SolarCity, a solar energy company that was later acquired by Tesla and became Tesla Energy.
2002 年，馬斯克創立了 SpaceX，這是一家航空航天制造商和太空運輸服務公司，并擔任該公司的首席執行官和總工程師。 2004 年，他成為電動汽車制造商 Tesla Motors, Inc.（現為 Tesla, Inc.）的早期投資者。他擔任該公司董事長和產品架構師，最終于 2008 年擔任首席執行官一職。2006 年，他協助創建了太陽能公司 SolarCity，該公司后來被特斯拉收購并成為特斯拉能源。
In 2015, he co-founded OpenAI, a nonprofit research company promoting friendly artificial intelligence (AI). In 2016, he co-founded Neuralink, a neurotechnology company focused on developing brain–computer interfaces, and founded The Boring Company, a tunnel construction company. Musk has proposed a hyperloop high-speed vactrain transportation system and is the president of the Musk Foundation, which donates to scientific research and education.
2015 年，他與別人聯合創立了 OpenAI，這是一家研究推動友善人工智能 (AI) 的非營利性研究公司。 2016 年，他與別人聯合創立了專注于開發腦機接口的神經技術公司 Neuralink，并創立了隧道建設公司無聊公司。馬斯克提出了一個超級高鐵高速空氣動力運輸系統，并且擔任馬斯克基金會的主席，該基金會為科學研究和教育提供款項。
Musk has been criticized for making unscientific and controversial statements, such as spreading misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic and promoting contentious perspectives regarding politics and various technologies, especially on Twitter. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued Musk for tweeting that he had secured funding for a private takeover of Tesla, which the SEC characterized as false and misleading. He settled with the SEC but did not admit guilt, and he temporarily stepped down from his Tesla chairmanship. In 2019, he won a defamation case brought against him by a British caver who had advised in the Tham Luang cave rescue. In 2022, Musk agreed to purchase Twitter for $44 billion but later submitted a termination letter of the deal, leading to lawsuits between both parties.
馬斯克因發表不科學及有爭議的言論而受到批評，例如散布有關 COVID-19 大流行的錯誤信息，以及宣傳有關政治和各種技術的有爭議的觀點，尤其是在推特上。 2018 年，美國證券交易委員會 (SEC) 起訴馬斯克在推特上稱他已獲得私人收購特斯拉的資金，美國證券交易委員會認為其為虛假和誤導性信息。他與美國證券交易委員會達成和解，但沒有認罪，他暫時辭去了特斯拉董事長的職務。 2019 年，他贏得了一位曾為睡美人洞救援提供建議的英國洞穴探險者對他提起的誹謗訴訟。 2022 年，馬斯克同意以 440 億美元收購 推特，但后來提交了終止交易協議函，導致雙方發生訴訟。
