寥若晨星-追溯四川銀幣與光緒元寶的歷程
北洋是現(xiàn)在天津地區(qū)的舊稱，在清朝時被稱為直隸省。北洋機(jī)器局(又稱軍火機(jī)器總局、天津機(jī)器制造局)是中國早期的現(xiàn)代化兵工廠，由北洋三口通商大臣崇厚等人于1867年創(chuàng)辦，1870年由李鴻章接辦。光緒十三年(1887年)，李鴻章在天津創(chuàng)建附屬于北洋機(jī)器局的機(jī)器鑄錢局（寶津局），鑄造機(jī)制銅錢，鑄幣設(shè)備部分來自北洋機(jī)器局，部分從英國進(jìn)口。光緒二十一年(1895年)，清政府準(zhǔn)許各省仿鑄西式銀幣，時任北洋大臣的王文韶令北洋機(jī)器局試鑄銀幣，于光緒二十二年(1896年)七月鑄造了一套主幣以圓為單位、面額為壹圓、伍角、貳角、壹角、半角五枚一套五等幣值的銀幣,系北洋機(jī)器局的初鑄銀幣。而從光緒二十五年起，所鑄之龍銀改為計(jì)重制，并將 “大清北洋機(jī)器局造”改為“北洋造”三字，背面改為蟠龍圖。光緒二十七年李鴻章卒死，由袁世凱繼任北洋大臣，便決定籌設(shè)銀元專局，在光緒二十八年十月落成，因?yàn)槲覈倪|寧、河北及山東等沿海各省泛稱為“北洋”，所以名為 “北洋鑄造銀元總局”。 北洋的銀元發(fā)展歷程映襯著中國晚清貨幣政策的進(jìn)與退，每一次斷檔也刻錄著一次歷史的顛簸。北洋鑄幣廠所鑄造的光緒元寶為數(shù)不多，流通于世的相對其他元寶的數(shù)量也較少，隨著時光的流逝也在大量的遺失。
在1911年，腐敗的清朝政府假借鐵路國有化名義，將民辦川漢、粵漢筑路權(quán)出讓給英法德美四國銀行團(tuán)。此舉動激起全國各地人民的反對，四川省反響尤為強(qiáng)烈。當(dāng)時數(shù)十萬人參加了保路同志軍。在武昌起義，隨后各省先后宣布獨(dú)立，保路軍包圍了成都。趙爾豐控制不住四川的局面，只得將政權(quán)交給四川保路運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人蒲殿俊等立憲派人士。于是，四川省也宣告獨(dú)立，成立了“大漢四川軍政府”，并接管成都造幣分廠。為擴(kuò)充軍需，鑄造發(fā)行了這種“漢”字銀幣。
在民國十四年（1925）鄧錫侯、田頌堯、劉文輝三軍聯(lián)合逐走楊森，進(jìn)入成都后，鄧錫侯接管造幣廠，即步楊森后塵，全鑄半元與壹圓銀幣。由于鄧錫侯獨(dú)占造幣廠，引起劉文輝不滿。劉文輝遂收買造幣廠制模工匠，為其雕模，在其防區(qū)雅安開鑄銀幣。川中軍閥盡皆仿效，劉部旅長劉元塘在會理、鄧部李家鈺在成都忠烈祠、城隍廟及遂寧防區(qū)、謝德勘在成都外南倒桑樹街、羅澤洲在順慶、鄧國璋在郫縣、黃逸民在灌縣、揚(yáng)榮向在金堂、陳書農(nóng)在合川、田部何瞻如在安縣、曾南夫在三橋南街紛紛開廠鑄幣。據(jù)小編了解到的數(shù)據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，當(dāng)時川中軍閥鑄幣之所多達(dá)28處。其鑄伍角與壹圓幣，且成色低下，含銀竟有低至30%--50%者，高的也不足75%。故四川民間為區(qū)別之，稱前成都造幣廠所鑄伍角與壹圓幣為“廠版或者原版”，稱各地軍閥設(shè)廠所鑄伍角與壹圓幣為“雜版”。
與孫像開國紀(jì)念幣和袁像銀元比起來，軍政府造四川銅幣流通范圍較窄，發(fā)行量與存世量自然無法與前二者相比。由于這個原因，接觸川洋的人比較少，研究者更少。但這并不表示川洋的研究價值和市場價值不高，向來經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律和收藏首要以“物以稀為貴”定律為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為特殊歷史時期、地方政權(quán)的特殊貨幣，軍政府貨幣具有軍用貨幣和民用貨幣的雙重職能，是歷史的產(chǎn)物，具有不可替代的文物價值，是歷史的見證。
近日天翼文化有幸征集到一組銀幣：
第一枚為北洋造光緒元寶，由圖可見錢幣錢面：珠圈內(nèi)滿漢文“光緒元寶”，圈外上環(huán)“北洋造"，下環(huán)“庫平七錢二分”，左右各一圓點(diǎn)心。錢背：中心為蟠龍圖，上下環(huán)英文，左側(cè)有阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字“34”，左右各一圓點(diǎn)心。
“龍洋”是銀元中的開山鼻祖，是中國最早的銀元，相當(dāng)于人民幣收藏中的第一套人民幣。另外龍?jiān)谥袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文化中是權(quán)勢、高貴、尊榮的象征。在收藏品中，龍是最出名的，關(guān)于龍的藏品最為豐富，升值空間最大。
第二三枚為四川軍政府造壹圓錢幣，錢幣正面珠圈內(nèi)鐫有“四川銀幣”四字，中心作海棠花一小朵，珠圈外上環(huán)鐫有其鑄造局“軍政府造”，下環(huán)鐫有幣值“壹圓”，背面用十八小圈繞一大圈，圈內(nèi)篆文漢字，以直線紋為底。上環(huán)鐫有發(fā)現(xiàn)年間“中華民國元年”。 藏品雖經(jīng)歷了無窮歲月，但紋路依然清晰可見，也見證了其歷史的積淀，具有非常明顯的歷史過渡性特征，有著難以言喻的價值。
清代貨幣、紙鈔、銅幣并行，至嘉慶年間發(fā)行新式銀元，而光緒年間鑄行金、銀幣更多，洋務(wù)運(yùn)動也影響到鑄幣業(yè)，此組錢幣充分展現(xiàn)了清朝錢幣的各類特征，品相極好，紋飾清晰。長期以來，錢幣在古玩交易市場上價格一直穩(wěn)步攀升，表現(xiàn)出良好的保值增值功能，其潛在的投資價值不可低估。錢幣代表了中國近代的貨幣文化，反映了我國近代歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融的興衰和滄桑，其保存較好，質(zhì)量甚佳，乃一組可遇不可求的錢幣收藏精品，具有頗高的歷史價值、投資價值和藝術(shù)觀賞價值，值得珍藏。
此藏品現(xiàn)由湖南天翼文化有限公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場部專員運(yùn)作推廣,圖片呈現(xiàn)有限，歡迎各位收藏家通過各大媒體以及歡迎聯(lián)系公司蒞臨了解詳情,如需意向購買,提前辦理好相關(guān)手續(xù)過來公司協(xié)商。
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Beiyang is the old name of tianjin area, which was called zhili province in the qing dynasty.Beiyang machinery bureau (also known as the general bureau of arms machinery and tianjin machinery manufacturing bureau) was an early modern Arsenal in China. It was founded in 1867 by chonghou, minister of commerce of beiyang three companies, and succeeded by li hongzhang in 1870.In the thirteenth year of guangxu reign (1887), li hongzhang set up the machine casting money bureau (baojin bureau) in tianjin, which was attached to beiyang machinery bureau. It cast copper COINS with machinery, and the coinage equipment was partly imported from beiyang machinery bureau and partly imported from Britain.Guangxu 21 years (1895 years), the qing government to allow the provinces cast western-style silver, then minister of beiyang Wang Wenshao makes peiyang machine bureau ShiZhu silver COINS, Yu Guangxu twenty-two years (1896) in July for the unit with the round casting a set of standard currency, for one, wu jiao, two horn, one horn, half Angle five pieces of a set of five currency such as COINS, peiyang machine bureau at the beginning of the casting COINS.Since the 25th year of guangxu reign, the cast dragon silver has been changed to the counting system, and the "made in beiyang machinery bureau of qing dynasty" has been changed to "made in beiyang", and the back has been changed to the flat dragon diagram.After the death of li hongzhang in the 27th year of guangxu dynasty, yuan shikai, the minister of beiyang, decided to set up a special bureau of silver yuan. The bureau was completed in October of the 28th year of guangxu dynasty.The development of silver dollar in beiyang reflects the advance and retreat of China's monetary policy in the late qing dynasty.The gold ingot of guangxu dynasty minted by beiyang mint is few, and the amount of gold ingot circulating in the world is less than that of other ingot.
In 1911, under the guise of nationalization of the railway, the corrupt qing government transferred the right to build roads in sichuan and guangdong provinces to the bank group of Britain, France, Germany and the United States.The move sparked protests across the country, especially in sichuan province.At that time, hundreds of thousands of people joined the army of comrades in defense of the road.After the uprising in wuchang, the provinces declared their independence one after another.Zhao erfeng could not control the situation in sichuan and had to hand over power to the leaders of the sichuan road protection movement such as pu dianjun and other constitutionalists.Hence, sichuan province also declared independence, set up "big han sichuan military government", and took over chengdu mint branch factory.In order to expand the military supplies, this "han" coin was minted and issued.
In the 14th year of the republic of China (1925), deng xihou, tian songyao and liu wenhui joined forces to remove Yang sen and enter chengdu.Because deng xihou monopolized the mint, liu wenhui caused dissatisfaction.Liu wenhuisui bought a mint model craftsman to carve the model and cast silver COINS in ya 'an.Upper warlords siltstones is imitated, liu department brigade commander liu yuan pond in huili, deng Li Jiayu in chengdu, the valiant ones shrine, chenghuang temple and suining protection zones, shedd falls outside the south mulberry street in chengdu, Luo Zezhou, Huang Yimin in shun city, Deng Guozhang in PI county in the county, Yang rong in JTG, Chen Shunong on, tian He Zhan in anxian county, Zeng Na open factory in three bridge south street have COINS.According to xiaobian understand the data is not complete statistics, at that time in sichuan warlord mint as many as 28.The five jiao and one yuan COINS were cast and of low quality, with the silver content as low as 30% to 50% and the high less than 75%.Therefore, sichuan folk for the difference, said the former chengdu mint five jiao and one yuan is "factory version or original", said the warlord set up factories around the five jiao and one yuan is "miscellaneous edition".
Compared with sun's founding commemorative COINS and yuan's silver COINS, sichuan copper COINS made by the military government have a narrow circulation range, so the circulation and the amount of existing copper COINS cannot be compared with the former two.For this reason, fewer people and fewer researchers have been exposed to chuan Yang.But this does not mean that the research value and market value of chuan Yang is not high, has always been the economic law and collection of the first to "rare for expensive" law as the standard.As the special currency of the special historical period and local government, the currency of the military government has dual functions of military currency and civilian currency. It is the product of history, with irreplaceable cultural relic value and is the witness of history.
Recently, tianyi culture was lucky to collect a group of silver COINS:
The first one is guangxu gold ingot made in beiyang. It can be seen from the figure that the money is: the inner circle is full of "guangxu gold ingot" written in Chinese, the outer ring is "made in beiyang", and the lower ring is "kuping seven COINS and two COINS".Money back: the center is flat dragon figure, up and down ring English, the left side has Arabic number "34", left and right each a dot heart.
"Longyang" is the earliest silver yuan in China, which is equivalent to the first set of renminbi in the collection.In addition, the dragon is a symbol of power, nobility and honor in Chinese traditional culture.In the collection, the dragon is the most famous, about the dragon collection is the most abundant, the biggest room for appreciation.
The second and third for the sichuan military government to make a round coin, coin front bead circle engraved with "sichuan silver" four words, the center for a small piece of crabgrass, bead circle outside the upper ring engraved with its casting bureau "made by the military government", the lower ring engraved with the value of money "a round", the back with 18 small circles around a large circle, the circle of seal Chinese characters, with straight lines for the bottom.The first year of the republic of China.Although the collection has gone through endless years, the lines are still clearly visible and witness the accumulation of its history. It has a very obvious transitional feature of history and is of indescribable value.
During the reign of emperor guangxu, more gold and silver COINS were minted. The westernization movement also affected the coinage industry. This group of COINS fully showed all kinds of characteristics of qing COINS, with excellent appearance and clear patterns.For a long time, the price of COINS has been rising steadily in the antique trading market, showing a good value preservation and appreciation function, and its potential investment value should not be underestimated.Money represents China's modern monetary culture, reflects the rise and fall of China's modern history, economy, finance and vicissitudes of life, its preservation is better, quality is very good, is a group of can meet not to seek money collection boutique, has quite high historical value, investment value and artistic appreciation value, worth collecting.
This collection is now operated and promoted by hunan tianyi culture co., LTD. Network marketing specialist, limited pictures, welcome all collectors through the major media and welcome to contact the company visit to understand the details, if you want to purchase, in advance to deal with the relevant procedures to negotiate with the company.
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