淺析大清錢幣
康熙元年清政府下令停鑄上代“順治通寶”錢，而改鑄“康熙通寶”錢，并規(guī)定以后凡是嗣位改元，所鑄錢制皆如此例。按照背面文字可以分成兩大類：一類是仿"順治四式"的滿文錢。錢背滿文"寶泉"、"寶源"左讀，是戶、工兩部所造。另外一類是仿"順治五式"滿漢文錢。當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)共開(kāi)設(shè)鑄錢局24處，由于受當(dāng)時(shí)冶鑄工本和錢幣私鑄等問(wèn)題的影響，每一文康熙錢曾分別重一錢四分、一錢、七分，便產(chǎn)生了大、中、小三種不同重量的“康熙通寶”錢。不同鑄錢局鑄行的錢幣各不相同，將這24種錢幣集齊即一套，從這24種錢幣正面文字看，沒(méi)有多大區(qū)別，皆為康熙通寶，其背文卻各不相同，除戶部寶泉局和寶源局為滿文外，其它22種錢幣均為滿漢兩文各有一字，其左為滿文，右為漢文，這22個(gè)漢字代表22個(gè)鑄錢局，若細(xì)分版別，還有一種康熙“羅漢錢”。 “羅漢錢”是專為康熙皇帝60壽辰而鑄的一種祝壽錢。康熙是清代在位最久的皇帝，長(zhǎng)達(dá)61年，康熙52年（1713年）3月，正是他60大壽，特命戶部寶泉局（當(dāng)時(shí)的造幣廠）精鑄一批“萬(wàn)壽錢”作為壽辰紀(jì)念，錢幣背面左右為滿文“寶泉”兩字，表示北京戶部寶泉局制造。
自雍正十三年（1735年），清高宗即位，改元乾隆。便下令鑄行“乾隆通寶”，要求仍重一錢二分，該錢書法鑄工都比雍正時(shí)更為精美。最初清朝政府仍繼續(xù)執(zhí)行通貨緊縮的政策。錢局較雍正時(shí)有所增減，首先在乾隆四年，停了寶河、寶鞏、寶濟(jì)三局，于乾隆五年時(shí)開(kāi)寶福局，七年開(kāi)寶桂局，十年開(kāi)寶直局。乾隆朝以前的制錢不加錫，以銅、鉛、鋅配制，稱之為“黃錢”，在乾隆五年規(guī)定在鑄錢銅料之中加百分之二的錫，稱為“青錢”。官方說(shuō)是為杜絕私錢，實(shí)際上無(wú)異于減重。乾隆四十年時(shí)，私鑄情況日盛，各省官員出現(xiàn)盜鑄，政府對(duì)此無(wú)計(jì)可施，加上云南銅產(chǎn)量逐年遞減，導(dǎo)致銅價(jià)飛漲，鑄錢成本也隨之水漲船高。清政府繼而又采取了通貨緊縮政策，先后停鑄了寶直、大理、廣西、臨安等局，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)商人從海外進(jìn)口銅材。但是這些措施未能從根本上解決問(wèn)題，私鑄雖有所減少，但官錢不見(jiàn)增加，民間交易缺錢，就出現(xiàn)了使用古錢的現(xiàn)象。到了乾隆五十年后，又相繼開(kāi)了寶直等局，同時(shí)放寬了鑄錢的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以導(dǎo)致乾隆后期制錢的質(zhì)量參差不齊，大不如初的情況。此外在乾隆朝時(shí)期在新疆出了“乾隆通寶”紅錢（也做普爾錢，“普爾”維語(yǔ)即錢的意思），是以新疆產(chǎn)銅為原料，在新疆地區(qū)鑄行的，此后各朝均有鑄行。下圖是小編有幸見(jiàn)到的乾隆通寶及嘉慶通寶。
據(jù)《故宮清錢譜》記載：仁宗嘉慶元年，行嘉慶通寶錢。按乾隆六十年高宗歸政，是年戶部奏準(zhǔn)，乾隆、嘉慶年號(hào)錢各半分鑄，各直省衛(wèi)藏照此一律辦理。嘉慶元年太上皇帝諭，改乾隆而成，嘉慶八成。六年，戶部奏準(zhǔn)全鑄嘉慶錢。由此可知，嘉慶通寶年號(hào)錢為嘉慶元年，也就是1796年始鑄。其錢幣采用順治四式背滿文錢錢式，錢面漢字“嘉慶通寶”楷書，錢背滿文左“寶”，右紀(jì)局。嘉慶時(shí)期，錢局共19個(gè)，分別為寶泉、寶源、寶蘇、寶浙、寶南、寶昌、寶川、寶云、寶福、寶武、寶桂、寶晉、寶廣、寶東、寶陜、寶黔、寶直、寶伊、阿克蘇。
清代錢幣在錢幣收藏市場(chǎng)一直受眾人所愛(ài)，尤其是康熙、乾隆二位皇帝的錢幣，康熙、乾隆年間的錢幣被大多數(shù)人收藏，不愿再度出手，導(dǎo)致此類錢幣在收藏品市場(chǎng)一度出現(xiàn)斷層。
近日天翼文化有幸征集到三枚錢幣；
分別為康熙通寶、乾隆通寶、嘉慶通寶
康熙通寶、該錢幣黃銅古色，錢幣外圓內(nèi)方，正面直讀康熙通寶，背面鐫有“寶泉”二字的滿文，標(biāo)明其鑄造局，錢幣經(jīng)歷過(guò)歷史顛肺流離的洗練，品相仍保存完整無(wú)損，包漿入骨，實(shí)乃不易，乃珍品也。
清乾隆通寶、錢幣正面鈐有“乾隆通寶”，書體為楷書。背文沿用雍正滿文錢式，穿左為“寶”，穿右鑄各局名。新疆紅錢左多滿文，而右為回文。此枚乃寶源局，錢幣正面“乾隆通寶”。黃銅質(zhì)，傳世品，外緣的澆鑄口未經(jīng)修整。主要特征：寬外緣，細(xì)內(nèi)廓，扁“乾”長(zhǎng)“寶”，滿文出頭寶。此幣外緣之寬，與寶蘇常平式相比，有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及。
嘉慶通寶錢幣外圓內(nèi)方，正面鈐有嘉慶通寶四字，直讀，背面鐫有寶源滿文，標(biāo)明其鑄造局。此錢幣現(xiàn)存世量極少，雖然經(jīng)歷了無(wú)情歲月的洗禮，但如今依然保存還可以。藏品整體保存完好無(wú)缺，有如刀刻所成，鑄造工藝神乎其技。
隨著時(shí)間的推移和朝代的變更，古代錢幣也隨之悄然的流失，逐漸的減少，并且古代錢幣有著不可復(fù)制的特性。因此，人們逐漸意識(shí)到錢幣收藏的意義和價(jià)值，古錢幣的收藏，創(chuàng)造出來(lái)了神話般的奇跡，古幣雖然早已不再作為錢幣在市面上流通使用，但卻有著非凡的收藏價(jià)值，從而給收藏者帶來(lái)了意想不到的財(cái)富。現(xiàn)在“乾隆通寶”等錢幣市場(chǎng)價(jià)格平均200萬(wàn)元以上。本組錢幣設(shè)計(jì)精美，制作精湛，鑄量稀少，尤為珍罕，品相完整，保存完好，有一定包漿年代感，極具收藏價(jià)值。屬我司重點(diǎn)推薦，值得珍藏。
此藏品現(xiàn)由湖南天翼文化有限公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)部專員運(yùn)作推廣,圖片呈現(xiàn)有限，歡迎各位收藏家通過(guò)各大媒體以及歡迎聯(lián)系公司蒞臨了解詳情,如需意向購(gòu)買,提前辦理好相關(guān)手續(xù)過(guò)來(lái)公司協(xié)商。
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A brief analysis of qing COINS
In the first year of the reign of emperor kangxi, the qing government ordered the casting of "shunzhi tongbao" money instead of "kangxi tongbao" money.According to the back text can be divided into two categories: one is the imitation of "shunzhi four" manchu money.Qian back "treasure spring", "treasure source" left reading, is the door, the two made.The other kind is imitated "shun zhi five types" manchu money.At that time, the country opened a total of 24 bureau of casting money, because of the impact of the smelter cost and coin private casting and other issues, every penny kangxi money was respectively heavy one qian four points, one qian, seven points, it produced large, medium, small three different weights of "kangxi tongbao" money.Different casts money bureau and the coin each are not identical, to the 24 kinds of COINS collected a set of, look from the 24 kinds of coin positive words, there is no much difference, all is kangxi TongBao, its back, but each are not identical, except the fact of baoquan and schroder innings for the manchu, other 22 kinds of COINS are two han culture each have one word, its left for manchu script, right for the Chinese, the 22 Chinese characters represent 22 cast money, if segment bottle, another kangxi "Luo Hanqian"."Luo han money" is a kind of birthday money specially made for emperor kangxi on his 60th birthday.Kangxi is the qing dynasty in power the longest emperor, as long as 61 years, kangxi 52 years (1713) in March, it is his 60th birthday, special orders hubu baoquan bureau (the mint at that time) casting a batch of "wanshou money" as birthday memorial, coin back or so for manchu text "baoquan" two words, said Beijing hubu baoquan bureau manufacturing.
Since yongzheng thirteen years (1735), the qing emperor gaozong ascended the throne, change yuan qianlong.They ordered the casting line "qianlong tongbao", the requirement is still heavy one money two, the money calligraphy casting workers are more exquisite than yongzheng.At first, the qing government continued to implement the policy of deflation.Money bureau is increased somewhat when yong zheng decreases, be in qianlong above all 4 years, stopped treasure river, treasure gong, treasure ji 3 bureau, when qianlong 5 years, open bao fu bureau, 7 years open bao GUI bureau, 10 years open bao zhi bureau.Qianlong dynasty before the production of money does not add tin, with copper, lead, zinc confconfers, call it "yellow money", in qianlong five years of regulations in casting money copper material in addition to two percent of the tin, called "green money".Official claims to eliminate private money are tantamount to weight loss.Qianlong 40 years, the situation of private casting sheng, the provincial officials appear to steal casting, the government can do nothing about it, coupled with yunnan copper production decreased year by year, resulting in soaring copper prices, casting money costs also rising.The qing government then adopted the policy of deflation, and stopped casting baozhi, Dali, guangxi, Lin 'an and other bureaus successively. Meanwhile, merchants were encouraged to import copper materials from overseas.However, these measures failed to fundamentally solve the problem, although private casting has been reduced, but no increase in official money, private transactions lack of money, the use of ancient money phenomenon.After fifty years of qianlong's reign, baozhi bureau was opened one after another, and the standard of coin casting was relaxed. As a result, the quality of coin making in qianlong's later period was not the same as before.In addition, "qianlong tongbao" red money (also known as Poole money, "Poole" means money in uygur language) was produced in xinjiang during the qianlong dynasty. It was made of copper produced in xinjiang, and was cast in xinjiang.Below is the small series lucky to see qianlong tongbao and jiaqing tongbao.
According to "the Palace Museum clear money spectrum" records: renzong jiaqing first year, line jiaqing tongbao money.According to qianlong 60 years gaozong returned to government, is the year of the ministry of accounts play, qianlong, jiaqing year number of money each half points cast, each straight province guard Tibet according to this uniform.Emperor taishang of the first year of jiaqing emperor, change qianlong into, jiaqing 80%.Six years, the ministry of accounts zhuzhuanquan zhujiaqing money.It can be seen that the year of tongbao in jiaqing is the first year of jiaqing, which was cast in 1796.Its coin USES shunzhi four back manwen money money type, money face Chinese character "jiaqing tongbao" regular script, money back manwen left "treasure", right ji bureau.During the jiaqing period, there were 19 money bureaus, namely, baoquan, baoyuan, baosu, baozhe, baonan, baochang, baochuan, baoyun, baofu, baowu, baogui, baojin, baoguang, baodong, baoshan, baoqian, baozhi, baoyi and aksu.
Qing dynasty coin is collected in coin market all the time the person that the audience loves, especially the money of 2 emperors kangxi, qianlong, the money between kangxi, qianlong is collected by most people, do not wish to move again, bring about this kind of coin to appear fault in collecting a market for a time.
Recently, tianyi culture was lucky to collect three COINS;
Kangxi tongbao, qianlong tongbao, jiaqing tongbao
Kangxi tongbao, the coin brass ancient color, coin round inside square, front straight read kangxi tongbao, engraved on the back with "treasure spring" two words manchu, indicating its casting bureau, coin has experienced the history of shock lung dislocated wash and practice, product phase is still preserved intact, wrapped in bone, it is not easy, but also treasures.
Qing qianlong tongbao, coin front, with "qianlong tongbao", the body of the regular script.Back following yongzheng manwen money style, wear left for "treasure", wear right casting bureau name.Xinjiang red money left more manchu, and the right palindrome.This is treasure source bureau, coin front "qianlong tongbao".Brass, handed down, the outer edge of the casting mouth untrimmed.Main features: wide outer margin, thin inner profile, flat "dry" long "treasure", manwen out treasure.The width of the outer edge of the currency, and the treasure suchangping type compared, and even better.
The coin is round on the outside and square on the inside, with the four words "jiaqing tongbao" inscribed on the front, which reads directly. On the back, there is the manchu inscription of the treasure source, indicating its foundry.This coin extant in the world amount is very few, although experienced the baptism of ruthless years, but still can save today.The collection is well preserved as a whole, like a knife carved into the casting process god.
With the passage of time and the change of the dynasty, the ancient money also quietly loss, gradually reduce, and the ancient money has the characteristics that can not be copied.Accordingly, people realizes the meaning that coin collects and value gradually, of old coin collect, created the miracle like myth, although old coin already no longer serves as coin to circulate on market use, but having extraordinary collect value however, brought the fortune that expect is less than to collect thereby.Now "qianlong tongbao" and other coin market prices average more than 2 million yuan.This group coin belongs to my division key recommendation, worth collecting.
This collection is now operated and promoted by hunan tianyi culture co., LTD. Network marketing specialist, limited pictures, welcome all collectors through the major media and welcome to contact the company visit to understand the details, if you want to purchase, in advance to deal with the relevant procedures to negotiate with the company.
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