藏品名稱：石隕石
規格：直徑：145.mm 重量：2103g
隕石也稱“隕星”，是地球以外脫離原有運行軌道的宇宙流星或塵碎塊飛快散落到地球或其它行星表面的未燃盡的石質、鐵質或是石鐵混合的物質。隕石是宇宙中最常見的物質之一，它由其它天體相互碰撞或爆炸而產生，以極高的速度在真空的宇宙中飛馳，繼續撞擊其它天體。這些隕石在太陽系中大多數被質量較大的木星所吸引，因此，地球才躲過了許多災禍。
Meteorites, also known as "meteorites", are unburned rocks, iron or a mixture of rocks and iron that are scattered rapidly on the surface of the Earth or other planets by cosmic meteors or debris outside the Earth from its original orbit. Meteorites are one of the most common substances in the universe. They are produced by collisions or explosions between other celestial bodies. They fly in the vacuum at a very high speed and continue to impact other celestial bodies. Most of these meteorites are attracted to the larger Jupiter in the solar system, so the Earth has avoided many disasters.
隕石撞擊過程類似于原子彈爆炸產生的蘑菇云，全都化為塵埃。總共分為兩個階段，第一階段是接觸和擠壓，隕石撞擊地表的速度通常超過10公里每秒，碰撞發生的時間在1秒之內，過程中沖擊波沿著接觸面分別向隕石表面和地表傳遞，壓強相當于幾百萬倍的大氣壓，瞬間就能讓隕石和地表產生巨大形變。
第二階段稱為開鑿，就是隕石坑受到壓力進一步擴大，通常來說一個隕石能砸出的坑可以是自身直徑的20倍左右。6500萬年前，撞擊地球導致恐龍滅絕的隕石坑位于墨西哥的尤卡塔半島，這個隕石坑的平均直徑在180公里左右，隕石的直徑約10公里，撞擊后隕石變成塵埃，遮天蔽日阻擋了植物光合作用，引起整個食物鏈崩塌，產生的效果相當于120萬億噸TNT爆炸。
但也并不是所有隕石坑都沒有隕石，隕石能否完整保留取決于撞擊速度。
如果隕石撞擊速度沒有達到臨界的12公里每秒，就有可能不會完全消失。例如2010年有人在新疆維吾爾自治區發現的隕石，這顆隕石的母體位于火星和木星之間小行星帶上，在距離地球還剩20公里時發生爆裂，隕石被分散成大大小小的3000多塊，其中最大的一塊隕石重約39公斤，砸出了一個2米長6.5米深的大坑。
大陸隕石價格上漲得非常快，稀有的、賣相好的高端隕石，競爭日益激烈，近兩年漲了10倍，而一些普通隕石也漲了1倍左右。目前隕石的收藏價值極其高，尤其是許多身價極高的人群都認為隕石具有科研價值，可以提取大量微量元素，為一些研究疑難雜癥的藥物提供重大發現。
The meteorite impact process is similar to the mushroom cloud produced by the atomic bomb explosion, all of which are turned into dust. There are two stages in total. The first stage is contact and compression. The velocity of meteorite impacting on the surface is usually more than 10 kilometers per second. The time of collision is less than 1 second. During the process, the shock wave is transmitted to the surface of meteorite and the surface along the contact surface. The pressure is equivalent to several million times of atmospheric pressure, which can make meteorite and the surface instantly. It produces tremendous deformation.
The second stage, called digging, is when the crater is subjected to further pressure. Usually, a crater that a meteorite can smash can be about 20 times its own diameter. Sixty-five million years ago, the crater that hit the Earth and caused the extinction of dinosaurs was located in Mexico's Yucata Peninsula. The average diameter of the crater was about 180 kilometers, and the diameter of the meteorite was about 10 kilometers. After the impact, the meteorite became dust, which blocked the photosynthesis of plants and caused the collapse of the whole food chain. The effect was comparable. It exploded at 120 trillion tons of TNT.
But not all craters do not have meteorites. Whether meteorites remain intact depends on the impact velocity.
If the impact velocity of the meteorite does not reach the critical 12 km/s, it may not disappear completely. For example, in 2010, a meteorite was discovered in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The parent body of the meteorite was located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It burst 20 kilometers away from the earth. The meteorite was scattered into more than 3,000 pieces, the largest of which weighed about 39 kilograms and smashed a 2-meter-long 6.5-meter-deep meteorite. Big pit.
The price of continental meteorites has risen very fast. Rare and well-selling high-end meteorites are increasingly competitive. In recent two years, the price of continental meteorites has risen 10 times, and some ordinary meteorites have risen about 1 times. At present, the collection value of meteorites is extremely high. Especially many people with high value think that meteorites have scientific research value. They can extract a large number of trace elements and provide important discoveries for some drugs to study difficult and complicated diseases.
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