明成化朝(公元1465—1487年，明憲宗朱見深年號(hào))歷時(shí)23年，景德鎮(zhèn)御窯廠生產(chǎn)全面恢復(fù)正常，是我國陶瓷燒造史上重要的歷史時(shí)期。成化瓷器造型玲瓏秀氣，胎體細(xì)潤(rùn)晶瑩，彩料精選純正，色調(diào)柔和寧靜，繪畫淡雅幽婉，以其輕盈秀雅的風(fēng)格，獨(dú)步一世，被歷代藏家譽(yù)為明代瓷器之冠。其中以成化斗彩最負(fù)盛名。
The Ming Chenghua Dynasty (AD 1465-1487, Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong) lasted for 23 years, and the production of Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory returned to normal in an all-round way, which was an important historical period in the history of ceramic firing in China. Chenghua porcelain is exquisite and delicate in shape, delicate and crystal-clear in carcass, pure in color selection, soft and quiet in color tone, elegant and elegant in painting, and unique in its light and beautiful and elegant style. It has been praised as the crown of porcelain in Ming Dynasty by collectors of all ages. Among them, Chenghua Doucai is the most famous.
斗彩是一種釉下青花和釉上彩相結(jié)合，具有特殊藝術(shù)效果的彩瓷裝飾新工藝。它是先在成型好的坯體上以青花料鉤描圖案輪廓，或在此基礎(chǔ)上以青花料繪圖案局部，罩透明釉經(jīng)高溫焙燒后，再在釉上以填涂、渲染、覆蓋、點(diǎn)綴等技法，按需要施以各色彩料，完成圖案全樣。復(fù)入彩爐經(jīng)低溫烘烤而成，從而產(chǎn)生釉下青花與釉上諸彩競(jìng)相斗妍的藝術(shù)效果。成化斗彩，聲譽(yù)極高。其胎體輕薄，胎質(zhì)潔白細(xì)膩，釉色青白或乳白，釉質(zhì)瑩潤(rùn)如脂。紋飾美，畫技高，彩料精。彩色艷而不躁，柔和悅目。在修胎工藝方面，注重邊角的處理，表里精致如一。其總體風(fēng)格是輕盈秀麗，恬淡雅致，精巧可人，玩賞性大于實(shí)用性。
Doucai is a new decorative technology of colored porcelain, which combines underglaze blue and white with overglaze color and has special artistic effect. Firstly, draw the outline of the pattern with blue and white materials on the molded green body, or on this basis, draw the part with blue and white materials, cover the transparent glaze and bake it at high temperature, and then apply various color materials on the glaze by filling, rendering, covering, embellishing and other techniques to complete the whole pattern. Re-enter the color furnace and bake at low temperature, so as to produce the artistic effect of underglaze blue and white competing with all the colors on the glaze. Chenghua fights for color and enjoys a high reputation. Its carcass is light and thin, its fetal quality is white and delicate, its glaze color is bluish white or milky white, and its enamel is as smooth as grease. Beautiful decoration, high painting skills and fine color materials. Colourful but not manic, soft and pleasing to the eye. In terms of tire repair technology, attention is paid to the treatment of corners, and the appearance is as delicate as the inside. Its overall style is light and beautiful, quiet and elegant, delicate and pleasant, and its enjoyment is greater than practicality.
成化斗彩瓷器之所以能取得高度成就，是有其深刻的歷史原因的。首先與成化帝自身的修養(yǎng)與喜好彩瓷是密切相關(guān)的。成化帝本人雅好藝術(shù)，擅長(zhǎng)丹青，涉獵山水、人物、花鳥等門類。當(dāng)時(shí)畫院興隆，許多職業(yè)畫家應(yīng)詔入宮，以其精湛的技藝，博得皇家青睞。院體畫以山水、花鳥為盛，成化官窯斗彩瓷器上的圖案亦以花鳥最為多見，由此推斷成化官窯斗彩瓷器之繪畫藍(lán)本，應(yīng)出自當(dāng)時(shí)畫院畫家之手。而《明史·食貨志》則概括性地?cái)⑹隽水?dāng)時(shí)瓷器燒造之多：“成化間，遣中官之浮梁景德鎮(zhèn)，燒造御用瓷器，最多且久，費(fèi)不貲。”明朝王士禎《廣志繹》中寫道“浮梁景德鎮(zhèn)，雄村十里，皆火華山發(fā)焰，故其下當(dāng)有陶埴應(yīng)之。”成化朝中晚期的督陶官朱元佐有較高的文化修養(yǎng)，《愛日堂抄》一書中錄有朱元佐的《監(jiān)陶登朝天閣冰立堂觀火詩》，詩云：“來典陶工簡(jiǎn)命膺，大林環(huán)視一欄憑。朱門近與千峰接，丹闕遙從萬里登。霞起赤城春錦列，日生紫海瑞光騰。四封富焰連朝夕，誰識(shí)朝臣獨(dú)立冰。”詩中既描述了當(dāng)年景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷燒造時(shí)火光沖天的盛況，又流露出作者來鎮(zhèn)督陶，深感責(zé)任重大，如履薄冰的心情。正如有的學(xué)者所指出的那樣，成化一朝燒造了大量格調(diào)高雅的優(yōu)質(zhì)瓷器，除與成化皇帝本身藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)高以外，還與少數(shù)督陶官具有較高的文化素養(yǎng)有一定的關(guān)系。
There are profound historical reasons why Chenghua Doucai Porcelain can achieve high achievements. First of all, it is closely related to Chenghua Emperor's self-cultivation and preference for colored porcelain. Chenghua Emperor himself is good at art, is good at Danqing, and dabbles in landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, etc. At that time, the painting academy was booming, and many professional painters should enter the palace and win the favor of the royal family with their superb skills. Landscape, flowers and birds are the most popular styles in courtyard paintings, and flowers and birds are also the most common patterns on bucket color porcelain in Chenghua official kiln. Therefore, it is inferred that the blueprint of bucket color porcelain in Chenghua official kiln should come from the painters at that time. The "Ming Shi Shi Huo Zhi" generally describes how much porcelain was burned at that time: "In Chenghua, the official of Fuliang Jingdezhen was sent to burn royal porcelain, which was the most long and expensive." In the Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen's Guangzhiyi, it was written that "Fuliang Jingdezhen and Xiongcun Shili are all flaming in Huashan Mountain, so there should be Tao Ying under it." Zhu Yuanzuo, the overseer of pottery in the late Chenghua Dynasty, had a high cultural accomplishment. Zhu Yuanzuo's Poem of Watching Fire in Binglitang of Tiange in the Supervision of Taodeng Dynasty was recorded in his book. As the poem goes, "When you come to Canon, the potter's life is over, and Dalin looks around. Zhumen is near Qianfeng, and Danque is far away from Wanli. Xiaqi Chicheng Spring Brocade, and the daily Zihai Ruiguang Teng. Four rich flames even day and night, who knows the courtiers' independent ice. " The poem not only describes the grand occasion when Jingdezhen ceramics were fired, but also reveals the author's feeling of being responsible and treading on thin ice. As some scholars have pointed out, Chenghua once produced a large number of high-quality porcelain with elegant style, which was related to the high artistic accomplishment of Chenghua Emperor and the high cultural accomplishment of a few pottery supervisors.
成化斗彩瓷器上的裝飾題材非常廣泛，不同的器物配以相應(yīng)的紋樣，和諧優(yōu)美。其紋飾有龍、天馬、蓮池鴛鴦、子母雞、蜜蜂、蝴蝶、嬰戲、蓮花、牡丹、月季、葡萄、蔓草、蓮?fù)邪思椤⑸復(fù)需笪募拔骞B(yǎng)等。紋樣構(gòu)成富于變化，僅表現(xiàn)花卉就有折枝、纏枝、團(tuán)狀、開光等多種形式。圖案布局疏密有致，虛實(shí)相托，動(dòng)靜結(jié)合。其構(gòu)圖法則除規(guī)矩工整的二方連續(xù)、四方連續(xù)外，也有自然隨意的寫實(shí)性構(gòu)圖。斗彩瓷器上的彩色亦是豐富而華貴，彩料多透明鮮亮。所有青花料為國產(chǎn)平等青料，也叫“陂塘青”，這種青料中氧化鐵含量低，燒成后呈色幽倩淡雅。各種釉上彩亦具時(shí)代特征。紅色鮮艷而不浮躁，在畫面中格外醒目。黃色變化豐富，有微微閃紅的杏黃色，嬌嫩明澈的鵝黃色，柔和溫潤(rùn)的淺黃色，深沉透亮的蜜蠟黃及濃而不躁的姜黃。各種綠色，如水綠、葉子綠、山子綠等皆純正而略泛黃色。赭紫色暗，葡萄紫恰如熟透了的葡萄色，特別是“姹紫”，亦稱“差紫”，是成化斗彩瓷器上特有的顏色，其色如赤鐵，表面暗淡無光，后世皆無。有所謂“鮮紅淡抹綠閃黃，姹紫濃厚卻無光”的說法。
The decorative themes on Chenghua Doucai porcelain are very extensive, and different objects are matched with corresponding patterns, which are harmonious and beautiful. Its ornamentation includes dragon, Tianma, lotus pond mandarin duck, hen, bee, butterfly, baby play, lotus, peony, rose, grape, creeping weed, lotus-supporting Eight Auspiciouss, lotus-supporting Sanskrit and five supports. Pattern composition is full of changes, which only shows that flowers have many forms, such as folding branches, winding branches, clumping, blooming and so on. Pattern layout is dense, virtual and real, dynamic and static. In addition to regular and neat continuity of two sides and four sides, its composition rules also have natural and random realistic composition. The colors on Doucai porcelain are rich and luxurious, and the colors are transparent and bright. All blue and white materials are made in Ping Dengqing, also called "Bitangqing". This green material has low iron oxide content, and its color is beautiful and elegant after firing. All kinds of overglaze colors also have the characteristics of the times. Red is bright but not impetuous, which stands out in the picture. Yellow is rich in variety, with slightly reddish apricot yellow, delicate Ming Che goose yellow, soft and warm light yellow, deep and translucent beeswax yellow and thick but not manic turmeric. Various greens, such as water green, leaf green and mountain green, are pure and slightly yellowish. Ochre purple is dark, and grape purple is just like ripe grape color, especially "ochre purple", also known as "poor purple", which is the unique color of Chenghua Doucai porcelain, and its color is as red iron, with dull surface and no future generations. There is a saying that "bright red is lightly smeared with green and flashing yellow, but thick purple is dull".
此對(duì)斗彩杯即系成化斗彩之典型器，敞口，斜腹?jié)u收，造型周正，線條優(yōu)美。胎質(zhì)潔白細(xì)膩，釉面光潤(rùn)。內(nèi)壁素白，青花發(fā)色淡雅，釉上填彩柔和，筆觸纖細(xì)，構(gòu)圖清秀。足內(nèi)側(cè)自右向左書青花“大明成化年制”六字楷書橫款。保存完好，十分精美，極具收藏價(jià)值。
This pair of bucket color cups is a typical instrument of Chenghua bucket color, which is open, inclined and gradually closed, with a well-shaped shape and beautiful lines. The fetal quality is white and delicate, and the glaze is smooth. The inner wall is white, the blue and white hair color is elegant, the glaze is filled with soft colors, the brushwork is fine, and the composition is delicate. On the inside of the foot, from right to left, the six-character regular script of "Daming Chenghua Year System" is written in blue and white. Well-preserved, very beautiful and highly collectible.
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣于藝品在線商城平臺(tái)中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說，這對(duì)瓷杯是祖上傳下來的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見珍品，特邀其持這對(duì)瓷杯參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割愛愿將此這對(duì)瓷杯委托本公司代其通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進(jìn)行尋找買家。如對(duì)此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進(jìn)行洽談。
This collection is now displayed and sold on the platform of the online art mall. According to the treasure holder, this pair of porcelain cups was handed down from ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a peerless boutique. When our company learned that it has this rare treasure, we invited it to hold this pair of porcelain cups, but the current treasure holder has difficulty in capital turnover. I am willing to entrust this pair of porcelain cups to our company to find buyers through online media. If you are interested in collecting this collection, you can call the company's telephone number: 400 686 3616 for negotiation.
