翡翠,也稱翡翠玉、翠玉、緬甸玉,是玉的一種。翡翠的正確定義是以硬玉礦物為主的輝石類礦物組成的纖維狀集合體。但是翡翠并不等于硬玉。翡翠是在地質作用下形成的達到玉級的石質多晶集合體,主要由硬玉或硬玉及鈉質(鈉鉻輝石)和鈉鈣質輝石(綠輝石)組成,可含有角閃石、長石、鉻鐵礦、褐鐵礦等。在古代翡翠是一種生活在南方的鳥,毛色十分美麗,通常有藍、綠、紅、棕等顏色。一般這種鳥雄性的為紅色,謂之“翡”,雌性的為綠色,謂之“翠”。寸開泰撰寫的《騰越鄉土志》記載:“騰為萃數,玉工滿千,制為器皿,發售滇垣各行省。上品良玉,多發往粵東、上海、閩、浙、京都。至清末民初,僅騰沖城內即有翡翠作坊百余家,玉雕工匠三千余人,所琢“器皿發售滇垣各行省上品良玉,多發往粵東、上海、閩、浙、京都《寸開泰《騰越鄉土志》產翡翠的緬甸勐拱、密支那一帶,距我國云南邊境只有150公里。在明朝萬歷年間,此地曾屬永昌府(今云南省保山市)管轄。由于歷史的原因,被稱為"東方瑰寶"的翡翠經云南騰沖、瑞麗等邊城輸入我國,已有四五百年的歷史了。
Jade, also called jade, jade, Burmese jade, is a kind of jade. The correct definition of jade is a fibrous aggregate composed of pyroxene minerals, mainly jadeite minerals. But jade is not equal to jadeite. Jadeite is a jade-grade stony polycrystalline aggregate formed under geological action. It is mainly composed of jadeite or jadeite, sodium (sodium pyroxene) and sodium calcareous pyroxene (green pyroxene), and may contain horns. Stone, feldspar, chromite, limonite, etc. In ancient times, jadeite was a bird that lived in the south. Its coat color was very beautiful, usually blue, green, red, brown and other colors. Generally, the male of this bird is red, which is called "Jade", and the female is green, which is called "Cui". "Tengyue Local History" written by Cun Kaitai records: "Teng is a collection of jade, thousands of jade craftsmanship, made into utensils, sold in Yunnan and Yuan provinces. High-quality jade, mostly sent to eastern Guangdong, Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Kyoto By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there were more than 100 jade workshops in Tengchong City alone, and more than 3,000 jade carving craftsmen. The "wares" were sold in Yunnan and the provinces of high-quality jade, and they were mostly sent to eastern Guangdong, Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Kyoto. The areas of Menggong and Myitkyina in Myanmar where jade is produced in "Cunkaitai" Tengyue Local History" are only 150 kilometers away from China's Yunnan border. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, this place was once under the jurisdiction of Yongchang Mansion (now Baoshan City, Yunnan Province). Due to historical reasons, the jadeite, known as the "Oriental Treasure", was imported into my country through border cities such as Tengchong and Ruili in Yunnan. It has a history of four to five hundred years.
翡翠是由以硬玉為主的無數細小纖維狀礦物微晶縱橫交織而形成的致密塊狀集合體。翡翠名稱來源有幾種說法,一說來自鳥名,這種鳥羽毛非常鮮艷,雄性的羽毛呈紅色,名翡鳥(又名赤羽鳥),雌性羽毛呈綠色,名翠鳥(又名綠羽鳥),合稱翡翠,所以,行業內有翡為公,翠為母說法。明朝時,緬甸玉傳入中國后,就冠以“翡翠”之名。另一說古代“翠”專指新疆和田出產的綠玉,翡翠傳入中國后,為了與和田綠玉區分,稱其為“非翠”,后漸演變為“翡翠”。在中國古代,翡翠是一種生活在南方的鳥,毛色十分美麗,通常有藍、綠、紅、棕等顏色。一般這種鳥雄性的為紅色,謂之“翡”,雌性的為綠色,謂之“翠”。東漢許慎編著的中國最早的字典《說文解字》中就有了這個詞:“翡,赤羽雀也;翠,青羽雀也”,指嶺南地區一種鳥類。唐代著名詩人陳子昂在《感遇》一詩中寫道:“翡翠巢南海,雌雄珠樹林……旖旎光首飾,葳蕤爛錦衾。”翡翠之名由來已久,北宋歐陽修《歸田錄》卷二載:“余(歐陽修)家有一玉罌,形制甚古而精巧,始得之梅圣俞,以為碧玉。在潁州時,嘗以示僚屬。坐有兵馬鈐轄鄧保吉者,真宗朝老內臣也,識之,曰:此寶器也,謂之翡翠。云禁中寶物皆藏宜圣庫,庫中有翡翠盞一只,所以識也。”由此可見以“翡翠”指綠色玉石由來已久,且至遲在北宋時,已被視為珍寶。或許古之“翡翠”與今之“翡翠”系同名異質,故紀曉嵐稱在其幼時,時人“不以玉視之”。
Jadeite is a dense massive aggregate formed by intertwining countless fine fibrous mineral crystallites dominated by jadeite. There are several theories about the origin of the name of emerald. One comes from the name of the bird. The feathers of this bird are very bright. The males have red feathers, the emerald bird (also known as the red feather bird), the female feathers are green, and the kingfisher (also known as green feather). Birds), collectively called jade, so there is a saying in the industry that jade is male and cui is female. In the Ming Dynasty, after Burmese jade was introduced to China, it was named "Jade". Another thing is that the ancient "cui" specifically refers to the green jade produced in Xinjiang Hotan. After the introduction of jade to China, in order to distinguish it from the Hetian green jade, it was called "non-cui" and then gradually evolved into "jade". In ancient China, jadeite was a bird that lived in the south. Its coat color was very beautiful, usually blue, green, red, brown and other colors. Generally, the male of this bird is red, which is called "Jade", and the female is green, which is called "Cui". The word "Shuowen Jiezi", the earliest Chinese dictionary compiled by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has this word: "Emerald, red feather bird; Cui, green feather bird", referring to a species of bird in the Lingnan region. The famous poet Chen Ziang of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his poem "Gan Yu": "The emerald nests in the South China Sea, and the male and female beads are in the woods...the beautiful jewelry, the rotted brocade." The name of jade has a long history, and the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyangxiu "Return to Field" Volume two contains: "Yu (Ouyang Xiu)'s family has a jade poppy, the shape is very ancient and exquisite, and the plum Shengyu was first obtained, thinking of jasper. When in Yingzhou, I tasted it to show his staff. There are soldiers and horses who govern Deng Baoji, The old minister of the Zhenzong dynasty knew it and said: This treasure is also called jade. All the treasures in the cloud forbidden are stored in the holy library. There is a jade lamp in the library, so you know it." Refers to the long history of green jade, and at the latest in the Northern Song Dynasty, it has been regarded as a treasure. Perhaps the ancient "Jade" and the current "Jade" are of the same name but different in nature, so Ji Xiaolan said that when he was a child, people "don't regard it as jade."
翡翠原料的稀缺性,工藝的歷史性,作品的人文性,使收藏越來越受到人們的青睞和重視。翡翠是不可再生的資源,隨著可開采資源的日漸枯竭,隨著人們認知程度的提高,市場需求量越來越大,其精品量越來越少,其升值空間越來越大,人為了在精神上有個寄托,常把宗教信仰與翡翠聯系在一起,用翡翠觀音、佛來保佑自己。亂世藏金,盛世藏玉。在世界上,黃金是公認的貨幣,而玉石,則是公認的財富珍品。近年來,翡翠的收藏投資功能越來越受到人們的重視。一對色艷質美雕工好的收藏級臻品的增值價值是毋庸置疑的,對于收藏者來說是可與而不可求的。
The scarcity of raw materials for jadeite, the historicity of craftsmanship, and the humanity of works have made the collection more and more popular and valued by people. Jade is a non-renewable resource. With the depletion of exploitable resources and the improvement of people’s awareness, the market demand is increasing, the quantity of its fine products is decreasing, and its appreciation space is increasing. In order to have spiritual sustenance, I often associate religious beliefs with jade, and use jade Guanyin and Buddha to bless oneself. Gold is hidden in troubled times, jade is hidden in prosperous times. In the world, gold is a recognized currency, while jade is a recognized treasure of wealth. In recent years, the collection and investment function of jadeite has attracted more and more attention.There is no doubt that the value-added value of a pair of beautifully carved and beautifully carved collection-grade products is unquestionable for collectors.
