由兩股簪子交叉組合成的一種首飾。用來(lái)綰住頭發(fā)，也有用它把帽子別在頭發(fā)上。五代五縞《中華古今注·釵子》：“釵子，蓋古笄之遺象也，至秦穆公以象牙為之，敬王以玳瑁為之，始皇又金銀作鳳頭，以玳瑁為腳，號(hào)曰鳳釵。”
A kind of jewelry composed of two hairpins. It's used to tie up the hair. It's also used to pin the hat on the hair. "Chai Zi is a relic of the ancient hairpin. To the Duke mu of Qin Dynasty, it was made of ivory. To the king, it was made of tortoise shell. To the first emperor, it was made of gold and silver. To the tortoise shell, it was called Yuefeng hairpin."
釵與簪是有區(qū)別的，發(fā)簪作成一股，而發(fā)釵一般作成兩股。釵不僅是一種飾物，它還是一種寄情的表物。
Hairpin and hairpin are different. Hairpin is made into one strand, while hairpin is usually made into two strands. Hairpin is not only a kind of ornament, but also a kind of token of affection.
古代戀人或夫妻之間有一種贈(zèng)別的習(xí)俗：女子將頭上的釵一分為二，一半贈(zèng)給對(duì)方，一半自留，待到他日重見再合在一起。辛棄疾詞《祝英臺(tái)近.晚春》中的“寶釵分，桃葉渡，煙柳暗南浦”，即在表述這種離情。
In ancient times, there was a custom of parting between lovers or husband and wife: a woman divided the hairpin on her head into two parts, half gave it to each other, half kept it for herself, and then reunited with her when she saw her again in the future. In Xin Qiji's Ci Zhu Yingtai near late spring, "baochaifen, taoyedu, yanliuan Nanpu" expresses this kind of separation.
發(fā)釵的普及大約在西漢晚期，自此以后，它一直是我國(guó)婦女的主要頭飾之一，直至今天，發(fā)釵在婦女的梳妝品中仍占有一席之地，比如現(xiàn)在的發(fā)夾，就是由發(fā)釵演變而來(lái)的。
The popularity of hairpin was about in the late Western Han Dynasty. Since then, it has always been one of the main headwear for women in our country. Up to now, hairpin still occupies a place in women's dressing products. For example, the present hairpin is evolved from hairpin.
發(fā)釵除了在質(zhì)料及長(zhǎng)短上有所區(qū)別外，更主要的特點(diǎn)還在于釵首上的不同裝飾。如在釵首雕鑿蟠龍之形，即為“蟠龍釵”。晉崔豹《古今注》中就有“蟠龍釵，梁冀婦所制”的記載；在釵首裝飾鸞鳥，也為歷代婦女所崇尚。尤其在結(jié)婚首飾中，更為常見，因?yàn)辂[鳥在民間一直被視為吉祥之禽。飾有鸞鳥的發(fā)釵，被稱為“鸞釵”。
Besides the differences in material and length, the main feature of hairpin is the different decoration on the hairpin head. If the head of the hairpin is carved in the shape of a flat dragon, it is called "flat dragon hairpin". There is a record of "Panlong hairpin, made by Liang Ji's wife" in Cui Bao's Gu Jin Zhu; The decoration of Luan birds on the hairpin head was also advocated by women of all dynasties. Especially in the wedding jewelry, it is more common, because Luan bird has been regarded as the auspicious bird in the folk. The hairpin decorated with Luan bird is called "Luan hairpin".
發(fā)釵的安插也有多種方法，有的橫插，有的豎插，有的斜插，也有自下而上倒插的。所插數(shù)量也不盡一致，既可安插兩支，左右各一支；也可插上數(shù)支，視發(fā)髻需要而定，最多的在兩鬢各插六支，合為十二支。
There are also many ways to insert hairpin, some horizontally, some vertically, some obliquely, and some upside down. The number of inserts is not the same, either two can be inserted, one on the left and one on the right; You can also insert a few, depending on the needs of the bun, up to six in the temples, combined into 12.
在收藏品市場(chǎng)中，古人使用過(guò)的發(fā)釵也是熱門收藏品，特別是貴族使用過(guò)的發(fā)釵的收藏價(jià)值更高。發(fā)釵一般都是集材質(zhì)和工藝于一體的藝術(shù)品。在 2009年香港春交易中，“松竹堂珍藏犀角雕”專場(chǎng)無(wú)疑成為了市場(chǎng)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之一。與眾多大型犀角杯相比，一件長(zhǎng)30厘米，重16克的明(或更早)御制犀角發(fā)簪，以其精湛工藝而格外引人注目，也是發(fā)簪精湛制作工藝的一個(gè)縮影。取犀角做發(fā)簪十分罕見。
In the collectibles market, the hairpin used by the ancients is also a popular collectibles, especially the hairpin used by nobles has higher collection value. Hairpin is generally a collection of materials and technology in one of the works of art. In the Hong Kong Spring Trade in 2009, "rhinoceros horn carving in songzhutang collection" has undoubtedly become one of the focuses of the market. Compared with many large rhinoceros horn cups, the Ming Dynasty (or earlier) Royal rhinoceros horn hairpin with a length of 30 cm and a weight of 16 g is particularly attractive for its exquisite craftsmanship, which is also a miniature of the exquisite craftsmanship of hairpin. It is very rare to use rhinoceros horn as hairpin.
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